The editor of Yekan magazine got honoured that during a short interview to inquire professor
Dr. Hashtroudi’s biography and some of his comments and opinion about some issues and
theme in mathematics.
It is hoped that it made to provide satisfaction of that group of magazine readers who
requested repeatedly the publication of his photo and biography.
-
Your excellency biography will be a part of contemporary history of mathematics in
Iran, hence it is requested that you state your own concise biography, the record of
your studies and education in Iran and abroad, teachers and professors and those who
have been impressive on progress of your scientific authorities.
- On January 11, 1908 I was born in Tabriz. I passed elementary education in
Aghdasiyeh and Sirous schools and high school in Dar al-Fonun, in 1925 I graduated
from dar al-Fonun and for several years I studied medicine. On the first journey I
departed Europe, in returning in Daneshsara Aali (Dar al-Moalemin), the National
Teachers’ Training College, that had been founded, I chose mathematics and I am
from its alumni of the second groups. On the second journey I departed France, from
Paris faculty of science I have received bachelor degree and in 1937, I have received
state doctorate degree from Paris Sorbonne University. In 1939 I returned to Iran
and was appointed as associate professor to teach in Daneshsara Aali, the National
Teachers’ Training College and then in the faculty of science in Tehran University, in
1943 I became professorship and later on in addition to the professorship in university
I have held the following positions: in 1944 the head of culture in Tehran, in 1953
the chancellor of Tabriz University, in 1959 the head of science faculty in Tehran
University.
In 1945 I have married and own three children: two daughters and one son.
Among my teachers: first of all my deceased brother Mohammad Zia Hashtroudi
of
whom is the foundation of my teachings. The deceased Gholamhossein Rahnama
by whom most teachers and professors generally are trained and cultured. And among
teachers who are alive, all take part in my basis nurture and trainings in particular Mr.
Abdolazim Gharib, the university teacher, from whom I have learned knowledge and
decorum what I have now. In particular, our mental tarinings and of most students have
been educated by this liberal man. Mentally and morally, I am indebted to all my own
mentors, teachers, instructors and educators.
Mr. Keyhan, in addition to teaching, in his own vice chancellorship, has taught me for
a long time. Out of teaching groups, many of my prosperities and success (that are so
negligible and insignificant) are indebted to auspices of my advisor Mr. Dr. Siasi that
all know that the foundation of Tehran University and commemorations of teachers and
professors held his high obligation and responsible for that are honorable and venerable;
and he is still now leader and advisor of acquisitives like me.
Among my university teachers and professors: first of all, the deceased Élie Cartan,
the
founder of modern mathematics, to whom I am indebted almost all my knowledge in
mathematics, was my professor and supervisor of my PhD thesis and in general he was my
academic educator. The present teachers and professors in Paris University who are most the
students of this deceased professor, are my fellow-students or my advisors such as: Professor
Erzmann in Sorbonne, Professor Lichnerowicz1 in Collège de France, the deceased Professor André Lichnerowicz (1915-1998 Weyl2 in Princetone3, the USA (who was my advisor when I was studying and researching
in Princetone), Professor Schouten4 in Delft – Netherlands (who is now the president of the
mathematical Institute in Amsterdam), Professor Vinogradov5 and the deceased professor
Finikev in Moscow State University and some others.
- in which theme and field has your doctorate thesis been written and who has been the
supervisor? Which compilations, essay and papers of yours have been yet published?
- The theme of my doctorate thesis has been about the space of projective elements
(point, line or plane) with normal connection and my supervisor, as has been already
mentioned, was the deceased professor Élie Cartan.
From my compilations and papers what are in related to mathematics: some papers
in infinitesimal geometry of general space and in particular non-holonomic spaces,
some papers about geometry of normal space and isomorphic shapes, some papers in
analytical mechanic and dynamical systems, some papers in differential geometry, the
generalization of Euler theorems in continued fractions, application of continued fractions
to solve differential equations and in particular determination of solvability cases of
Riccati equation, the law of Boolean algebra in mechanic of superspaces, weylian space
with normal connection, Schouten space with fixed invariants and some other papers.
Some of these papers have been published as collections in French by Tehran University
publication.
- (To and with) whom of scientists, mathematicians and academic celebrities have you
coordinated and communicated and in which international congress of mathematicians
(ICM) have you taken part up to now?
- Up to now I have taken part in four international congress of mathematicians (ICM):
Harvard, Cambridge, the USA; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Edinburgh, England; Nice
(the international congress of Latin mathematicians). In addition to the participation
in congresses, by invitation of academic assemblies and communities of various
countries, I have attended and lectured there such as: the invitation of the science
Academy, USSR; the invitation of science Academy of Bucharest; the invitation
of Moscow State University and once again the invitation of the science Academy,
USSR; the invitation of Yehvout Institute, Israeal and introduction of researchers and
professors in this institute; the invitation of scientific congress, Pakistan; the invitation
of the science faculty in Paris in order to lecture.
With and to scientists and mathematicians whom I coordinate and communicate,
inaddition to the professors who were mentioned: Professor Sterwik (in M.I.T., the USA);
Professor Zariski Chern (Chicago); Professor Albert (the USA); Pprofessor Raishelinski
(Moscow); Aleksanderov (Leningrad); Kalozhenin (Kiev); Javad Maghsoudov (Baku);
Zegreo Boumpiani (Italy); a number of professors and researchers in London and
Manchester; Professor Haimoviji (Bucherst); Muysel and Veranchanou (Bucherst);
Professor Stoylef, the president of mathematics academy, Bucharest and secretary general
of Bucherst academy.
- Who are Iranian mathematicians who have international renown and do not live in
Iran?
- Professor Reza, in the united states, the university of Ciracos New York; Dr. Khosrow
Shadan, the atom Cycle Centre , Oaris; Dr. Avansian, Strasbourg University (recently
he left Iran); Dr. Akbarzadeh, Paris (he is due to return to Iran); Dr. Meraat, Research
Centre, France (Dr. Shadan, Dr. Akbarzadeh, Dr. Meraat and Mrs. Dr. Ghaznavi are
researchers in France Research Centre); in France some others whose names I do not
Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey
4 Jan Arnoldus Schouten (1883-1971)
5 Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov (1891-1983)
know presently, work in France; In the USA: Dr. Amir Moez and Dr. Abian (who
teach); Dr. Ali Asgharzadeh (experienced university teacher in Colombia University);
and some others.
- What is the most significant evolution that has nowadays arisen in mathematics
and how have academic curricula and courses been adjusted extently in Iran to this
evolution?
- The most significant mathematical evolution is to propound sciences in modern
forms that has been unprecedented and as the results of Cantor’s and Klein’s thoughts
(German school) has arisen such as: topology, abstract algebra, diagram theory,
information theory and in general mathematical model and pattern for other techniques
and technologies (applied mathematics), in particular tendency to micro structures that
has made highly impression on physic progress.
In Iranian universities are taught introdutories of some of these courses and this year it is
considered that by returning of Dr. Akbarzadeh and some other professors and teachers,
their teaching will be completed.
- Does teaching modern mathematics in university necessitate to revise mathematical
curricula in high schools and if necessary, what is scientific authority more competent
to revise?
- In Iran the curricula of high schools should have coordination with curricula in other
countries and perhaps it would be necessary, pupils would be acquainted with new
and modern concepts from the second year in high schools. Youth should be advised
and guided as for the scientific requirements of the country and their susceptibilities,
and in Persian language and literature and foreign language courses instructions
should be performed rather much more fundamentally and profoundly so that, as
each pupil would learn well a foreign language. Since either reading or research and
even studying without knowing a foreign language and at least two languages is not
possible.
The most competent authority to revise curricula and courses are experienced school
teachers who are acquaintance with evolutions and developments in sciences and of
course university teachers should conclude their own long experiences and point out
disadvantages of instruction in high schools and substantial requirements of pupils.
- In order to develop the level of scientific information for pupils and acquaint teachers
with new curricula and courses that are due to be inserted, which method do you
suggest?
- Not bad that common competitions would be organized and held for pupils in every
fields and individuated excellent pupils and encouraged them and assisted and
supported their studyings and even provided nacessary facilities for higher education
and to enter and study in university in a field that they are distinguished. The
significant point is that it should not be paid all attention just to Tehran, how many
excellent students who live in provinces and when come to Tehran, it is provided no
possibility for them to make themselves suggestion. Better is that these pupils are
recognized. Universities in provinces should be mobilized and setting up common
courses in provinces that the culture ministry contemplates to execute, is pursued.
Experienced school teachers are appointed also to teach and it is a program that
performs and regards in other countries: school teachers and instructions are appointed
to apprenticeship who not only become mentors for students, but prepare themselves
to teach academically in university and briefly teachers should be trained and educated
by their own guilds, a good university teacher is the same high school teacher who
has gone through integrity. Most of school teachers whom I know, are reading and
studying orederly and the best assistants to teach in higher educations and universities
have been teachers. As they are assigned to assist in teaching in the faculty of science
in Tehran University and Daneshsara Aali, the National Teachers’ Training College.
Beside organizing and holding course competetions for pupils, for school teachers a
typical association, society or seminars should be established or organized in order that
helps to advance their scientific knowledge and as well makes typically intellectual
(and even social) promotions for them. The organization of scientific congresses and
participation of school teachers in them is the most significant and appreciable. In
international congresses of mathematicians, a session concerns with the teaching of
mathematics to exchange opinions about teaching methods.
- With which international journals and magazines do you contribute and what is the
most significant mathematical journal?
- In the world more than 500 mathematical magazines and journals are published that
each of them has been professionalized in a field and mention of their names is not
possible. In Iran, universities and mathematics institute that are established, should
subscribe them and make them availabe to each interested. There are some journals
that are allocated to review scientific papers and abstracts of all scientific papers are
inserted there and interested can obviate her or his onself requirements. For instance,
the most well-known of them is Mathematical REVIEW of AMS and in Russia some
authentic journals are published in Russian and in all these journals abstracts of papers
that have been published in other journals, are also mentioned. In Iran also if an
institute would be established, it should employ translators who translate these papers
and make them available to interesteds.
Dr. Hashtroudi’s biography and some of his comments and opinion about some issues and
theme in mathematics.
It is hoped that it made to provide satisfaction of that group of magazine readers who
requested repeatedly the publication of his photo and biography.
-
Your excellency biography will be a part of contemporary history of mathematics in
Iran, hence it is requested that you state your own concise biography, the record of
your studies and education in Iran and abroad, teachers and professors and those who
have been impressive on progress of your scientific authorities.
- On January 11, 1908 I was born in Tabriz. I passed elementary education in
Aghdasiyeh and Sirous schools and high school in Dar al-Fonun, in 1925 I graduated
from dar al-Fonun and for several years I studied medicine. On the first journey I
departed Europe, in returning in Daneshsara Aali (Dar al-Moalemin), the National
Teachers’ Training College, that had been founded, I chose mathematics and I am
from its alumni of the second groups. On the second journey I departed France, from
Paris faculty of science I have received bachelor degree and in 1937, I have received
state doctorate degree from Paris Sorbonne University. In 1939 I returned to Iran
and was appointed as associate professor to teach in Daneshsara Aali, the National
Teachers’ Training College and then in the faculty of science in Tehran University, in
1943 I became professorship and later on in addition to the professorship in university
I have held the following positions: in 1944 the head of culture in Tehran, in 1953
the chancellor of Tabriz University, in 1959 the head of science faculty in Tehran
University.
In 1945 I have married and own three children: two daughters and one son.
Among my teachers: first of all my deceased brother Mohammad Zia Hashtroudi
of
whom is the foundation of my teachings. The deceased Gholamhossein Rahnama
by whom most teachers and professors generally are trained and cultured. And among
teachers who are alive, all take part in my basis nurture and trainings in particular Mr.
Abdolazim Gharib, the university teacher, from whom I have learned knowledge and
decorum what I have now. In particular, our mental tarinings and of most students have
been educated by this liberal man. Mentally and morally, I am indebted to all my own
mentors, teachers, instructors and educators.
Mr. Keyhan, in addition to teaching, in his own vice chancellorship, has taught me for
a long time. Out of teaching groups, many of my prosperities and success (that are so
negligible and insignificant) are indebted to auspices of my advisor Mr. Dr. Siasi that
all know that the foundation of Tehran University and commemorations of teachers and
professors held his high obligation and responsible for that are honorable and venerable;
and he is still now leader and advisor of acquisitives like me.
Among my university teachers and professors: first of all, the deceased Élie Cartan,
the
founder of modern mathematics, to whom I am indebted almost all my knowledge in
mathematics, was my professor and supervisor of my PhD thesis and in general he was my
academic educator. The present teachers and professors in Paris University who are most the
students of this deceased professor, are my fellow-students or my advisors such as: Professor
Erzmann in Sorbonne, Professor Lichnerowicz1 in Collège de France, the deceased Professor André Lichnerowicz (1915-1998 Weyl2 in Princetone3, the USA (who was my advisor when I was studying and researching
in Princetone), Professor Schouten4 in Delft – Netherlands (who is now the president of the
mathematical Institute in Amsterdam), Professor Vinogradov5 and the deceased professor
Finikev in Moscow State University and some others.
- in which theme and field has your doctorate thesis been written and who has been the
supervisor? Which compilations, essay and papers of yours have been yet published?
- The theme of my doctorate thesis has been about the space of projective elements
(point, line or plane) with normal connection and my supervisor, as has been already
mentioned, was the deceased professor Élie Cartan.
From my compilations and papers what are in related to mathematics: some papers
in infinitesimal geometry of general space and in particular non-holonomic spaces,
some papers about geometry of normal space and isomorphic shapes, some papers in
analytical mechanic and dynamical systems, some papers in differential geometry, the
generalization of Euler theorems in continued fractions, application of continued fractions
to solve differential equations and in particular determination of solvability cases of
Riccati equation, the law of Boolean algebra in mechanic of superspaces, weylian space
with normal connection, Schouten space with fixed invariants and some other papers.
Some of these papers have been published as collections in French by Tehran University
publication.
- (To and with) whom of scientists, mathematicians and academic celebrities have you
coordinated and communicated and in which international congress of mathematicians
(ICM) have you taken part up to now?
- Up to now I have taken part in four international congress of mathematicians (ICM):
Harvard, Cambridge, the USA; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Edinburgh, England; Nice
(the international congress of Latin mathematicians). In addition to the participation
in congresses, by invitation of academic assemblies and communities of various
countries, I have attended and lectured there such as: the invitation of the science
Academy, USSR; the invitation of science Academy of Bucharest; the invitation
of Moscow State University and once again the invitation of the science Academy,
USSR; the invitation of Yehvout Institute, Israeal and introduction of researchers and
professors in this institute; the invitation of scientific congress, Pakistan; the invitation
of the science faculty in Paris in order to lecture.
With and to scientists and mathematicians whom I coordinate and communicate,
inaddition to the professors who were mentioned: Professor Sterwik (in M.I.T., the USA);
Professor Zariski Chern (Chicago); Professor Albert (the USA); Pprofessor Raishelinski
(Moscow); Aleksanderov (Leningrad); Kalozhenin (Kiev); Javad Maghsoudov (Baku);
Zegreo Boumpiani (Italy); a number of professors and researchers in London and
Manchester; Professor Haimoviji (Bucherst); Muysel and Veranchanou (Bucherst);
Professor Stoylef, the president of mathematics academy, Bucharest and secretary general
of Bucherst academy.
- Who are Iranian mathematicians who have international renown and do not live in
Iran?
- Professor Reza, in the united states, the university of Ciracos New York; Dr. Khosrow
Shadan, the atom Cycle Centre , Oaris; Dr. Avansian, Strasbourg University (recently
he left Iran); Dr. Akbarzadeh, Paris (he is due to return to Iran); Dr. Meraat, Research
Centre, France (Dr. Shadan, Dr. Akbarzadeh, Dr. Meraat and Mrs. Dr. Ghaznavi are
researchers in France Research Centre); in France some others whose names I do not
Hermann Weyl (1885-1955)
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey
4 Jan Arnoldus Schouten (1883-1971)
5 Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov (1891-1983)
know presently, work in France; In the USA: Dr. Amir Moez and Dr. Abian (who
teach); Dr. Ali Asgharzadeh (experienced university teacher in Colombia University);
and some others.
- What is the most significant evolution that has nowadays arisen in mathematics
and how have academic curricula and courses been adjusted extently in Iran to this
evolution?
- The most significant mathematical evolution is to propound sciences in modern
forms that has been unprecedented and as the results of Cantor’s and Klein’s thoughts
(German school) has arisen such as: topology, abstract algebra, diagram theory,
information theory and in general mathematical model and pattern for other techniques
and technologies (applied mathematics), in particular tendency to micro structures that
has made highly impression on physic progress.
In Iranian universities are taught introdutories of some of these courses and this year it is
considered that by returning of Dr. Akbarzadeh and some other professors and teachers,
their teaching will be completed.
- Does teaching modern mathematics in university necessitate to revise mathematical
curricula in high schools and if necessary, what is scientific authority more competent
to revise?
- In Iran the curricula of high schools should have coordination with curricula in other
countries and perhaps it would be necessary, pupils would be acquainted with new
and modern concepts from the second year in high schools. Youth should be advised
and guided as for the scientific requirements of the country and their susceptibilities,
and in Persian language and literature and foreign language courses instructions
should be performed rather much more fundamentally and profoundly so that, as
each pupil would learn well a foreign language. Since either reading or research and
even studying without knowing a foreign language and at least two languages is not
possible.
The most competent authority to revise curricula and courses are experienced school
teachers who are acquaintance with evolutions and developments in sciences and of
course university teachers should conclude their own long experiences and point out
disadvantages of instruction in high schools and substantial requirements of pupils.
- In order to develop the level of scientific information for pupils and acquaint teachers
with new curricula and courses that are due to be inserted, which method do you
suggest?
- Not bad that common competitions would be organized and held for pupils in every
fields and individuated excellent pupils and encouraged them and assisted and
supported their studyings and even provided nacessary facilities for higher education
and to enter and study in university in a field that they are distinguished. The
significant point is that it should not be paid all attention just to Tehran, how many
excellent students who live in provinces and when come to Tehran, it is provided no
possibility for them to make themselves suggestion. Better is that these pupils are
recognized. Universities in provinces should be mobilized and setting up common
courses in provinces that the culture ministry contemplates to execute, is pursued.
Experienced school teachers are appointed also to teach and it is a program that
performs and regards in other countries: school teachers and instructions are appointed
to apprenticeship who not only become mentors for students, but prepare themselves
to teach academically in university and briefly teachers should be trained and educated
by their own guilds, a good university teacher is the same high school teacher who
has gone through integrity. Most of school teachers whom I know, are reading and
studying orederly and the best assistants to teach in higher educations and universities
have been teachers. As they are assigned to assist in teaching in the faculty of science
in Tehran University and Daneshsara Aali, the National Teachers’ Training College.
Beside organizing and holding course competetions for pupils, for school teachers a
typical association, society or seminars should be established or organized in order that
helps to advance their scientific knowledge and as well makes typically intellectual
(and even social) promotions for them. The organization of scientific congresses and
participation of school teachers in them is the most significant and appreciable. In
international congresses of mathematicians, a session concerns with the teaching of
mathematics to exchange opinions about teaching methods.
- With which international journals and magazines do you contribute and what is the
most significant mathematical journal?
- In the world more than 500 mathematical magazines and journals are published that
each of them has been professionalized in a field and mention of their names is not
possible. In Iran, universities and mathematics institute that are established, should
subscribe them and make them availabe to each interested. There are some journals
that are allocated to review scientific papers and abstracts of all scientific papers are
inserted there and interested can obviate her or his onself requirements. For instance,
the most well-known of them is Mathematical REVIEW of AMS and in Russia some
authentic journals are published in Russian and in all these journals abstracts of papers
that have been published in other journals, are also mentioned. In Iran also if an
institute would be established, it should employ translators who translate these papers
and make them available to interesteds.
Translator: Fariba Elliee
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